Trifles: An Investigation of The Murder of John Wright

The short story Trifles written by Susan Glaspell is a story regarding the investigation of the murder of John Wright by his wife, Mrs. Wright. Mrs. Hale is the wife of Mr. Hale, one of the men investigating the murder, and the neighbor of the Wrights. While the men investigate around the farmhouse looking for clues to prove Mrs. Wright was guilty, Mrs. Hale is downstairs with Mrs. Peters discovering their own evidence in the mishaps of Mrs. Wrights cleaning and sewing. Mrs. Hale begins to reminisce on how cheerful and full of life Mrs.Wright was prior to her marriage. She regrets not visiting with Mrs. Wright throughout the years especially since they were neighbors. Upon finding the unfinished quilt and the empty bird cage, they discover a dead canary with a strangled neck, the same way Mr. Wright’s neck was strangled. She begins to see the reasoning for Mrs. Wright murdering her husband. She concludes that Mrs. Wright was unhappy with her marriage and possibly neglected. Sh e decides to keep this information between her and Mrs. Peters instead of informing the men of their findings. Why would Mrs.Hale’s change in view of Mrs. Wright make her justify the reasoning behind why she murdered her husband? Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a theory developed by Abraham Maslow to understand human motivation to fulfill our peak potential. It is described as a model which is divided into our basic needs (physiology, safety, love and esteem) and our growth needs (cognitive, aesthetic, and self-actualization. ) (McLeod, 2007) Saul McLeod believes that one must satisfy lower level basic needs before progressing to meet higher level growth needs. (McLeod, 2007) Mrs.Hales regresses from the cognitive need down to the love and belonging need as she begins to see Mrs. Wright as the friend whom she used to have and because of this she believes she was in an unhappy and neglected marriage, which has driven her to murder her husband. After entering the Wright house, wh ich is now a crime scene for the murder of Mr. Wright, Mrs. Hale is left alone downstairs with Mrs. Peters while the men go upstairs to find evidence to prove that Mrs. Wright murdered her husband. Upon engaging in conversation Mrs. Hale’s cognitive need becomes apparent when they inspect the knitting on Mrs.Wrights quilt. Mrs. Hales states â€Å"Mrs. Peters, look at this one. Here, this is the one she was working on, and look at the sewing! All the rest of it has been so nice and even. And look at this! It’s all over the place! Why, it looks as if she didn't know what she was about. †(Glaspell, 666). Mrs. Hale suspects that something could have caused the negligence of her stitching, She asks Mrs. Peters â€Å"What do you supposed she was so nervous about? † (Glaspell, 666) She seemed intrigued, insinuating there may have been a reason which drove her to murder her husband. Mrs.Hale is staggering on the cognitive level which is preventing her from progre ssing on to the next level of aesthetic because she is not concerned with her own needs to express herself in a pleasing way, But to express Mrs. Wright in a more pleasing way and not as some horrific murderer. Mrs. Hale goes on to explain to Mrs. Peters; â€Å"I wish you’d seen Minnie Foster when she wore a white dress with blue ribbons and stood up there in the choir and sang. † (Glaspell, 670) She wants Mrs. Peters to view Mrs. Wright in the positive way that she was prior to her failed marriage.This actually shows her regression down to the love and belonging level. Towards the end of the play she realizes that she has been so busy in her life that she had neglected her friend in a time of need. She regrets not visiting her, stating that â€Å"I wish I’d come over here once in a while! That was a crime! That was a crime! Who’s going to punish that? † (Glaspell, 670) She feels guilty for not realizing that Mrs. Wright needed help. She tells Mrs. Peters â€Å"I might have known she needed help! I know how things can be-for women. I tell you, it’s queer, Mrs.Peters. We live so close together and we live far apart. † (Glaspell, 670) Mrs. Hale wishes she had been a better friend to Mrs. Wright and by doing that feels that could have helped prevent the murder from even happening. Maslows Law is a good theory to represent the understanding of Mrs. Hale, it signifies the importance of better understanding why she acted as she did. We use Maslows Law of Hierarchy Needs to better understand what motivates us to reach our full potential. According to McLeod, â€Å"progress is often disrupted by failure to meet lower level needs. (McLeod, 2007) Because Mrs. Hale had begun to care for her old friend, after trying to figure out what caused her to become a murder, She had regressed back down to the love and belonging level, Thus preventing her from progressing to the aesthetic level. WORKS CITED: McLeod, S. A. (2007). Mas low's Hierarchy of Needs. Glaspell, Susan. â€Å"Trifles. † Backpack Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing Fourth Edition. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2012. 659-671. Print.

Book Review: Economic Justice in an Unfair World

The book ‘Economic Justice in an Unfair world:Toward A Level Playing Field is written by ‘Ethan B. Kapstein’. This book focuses on the issue of what is meant by a fair global economy and how fundamental it is in this era. An unfair economy deprives the minorities or financially challenged of the basic rights of their life. The book is written in a market oriented manner which highlights the basic elements of an appropriate international economy as being inclusive, participatory, and welfare-enhancing for all states. The international economy should be structured so as it provides benefits to all economies of the world.Kapstein negates the radical redistribution schemes between rich and poor which cause the global economy to be unjust. He emphasizes, through his book on the point that a politically feasible approach to international economic justice could bring about the benefits of free trade and limited flows of foreign assistance so as to allow countries to earn more and make more profits. Kapstein not only focuses on the elements of a just international economy in his book but also writes about certain fundamental factors that contribute towards a just global economy such as: -Justice in labor -Migration-Investment The book is written for all those people who have concerns for the arguments and issues related to the reduction of poverty and global development. This book provides a detailed illustration of the international community, so as to locate the factors that should be considered in order to structure a global economy that emphasized the benefits of all nations. This book is a must read for people who would want to know about the basic questions relating to the moral economic philosophy. Kapstein makes the use of reasoned writing style in order to present his views to the reader.Through the contents of his book Kapstein attempts to challenge the West's claim which states that the developing countries' should aim at their own develop ment efforts which should be focused on reducing poverty, and this aim should be achieved not through industrialization and economic growth but by the formulation of policies that are directed on the issue of poverty (Ethan B. Kapstein 2006). According to Kapstein, the fundamental element of an international compact is a ‘free-trade regime’ that provides a level playing field.The next factor on which Kapstein focuses in regard to the just international economy is ‘aid’. Kapstein emphasizes through the book on the concept that aid should be used and directed only towards the reduction of poverty but much importance should also be given on empowering the earning capacity of poor countries so that they can take active part on a level playing field. This objective can be achieved through the major shift from the present allocation priorities such as -Primary education -Basic health care -Favor of investment in ports, railways, and the customs and patents bureau cracies.The third point Kapstein discusses in the book is that since migration and remittance payments will become even more essential for developing countries in the future, it is important to create an umbrella regime so as to include issues related to migration, this would help in bringing stability and justice to policies that are now determined by each state. The fourth and last point discussed in the book is related to the issue of international investment most importantly foreign direct investment (FDI). He emphasizes that it should be included in the umbrella regime (Wade, 2006).Strengths and Weaknesses of the Book as compared to other similar readings The same point that is emphasized by Kapstein through his book ‘a just global economy cannot be achieved with only focusing on the factor of poverty reduction, but importance should also be given to the economic settings of nations’, is also debated over in ‘ The No-Nonsense Guide to International Developmen t’ by Maggie Black. Through this article Maggie Black also emphasized that: -The facts that seem to wrong on paper look as wrong technologically or wasteful may have good characteristics on other terms like promoting local leadership, or vice versa-The main aid=development=poverty reduction does not help to understand the meaning and implication of what aid is or how it works (Black, 2002). The main strength of the book is that Kapstein has identified that focusing on poverty reduction will not be enough to justify the global economy by providing convincing arguments with references and quotes from established sources. The same issue has been brought into the light through ‘What I Learned at the World Economic Crisis’ written by Joseph Slightiz.He traces the failures of IMF’s out dated policies to asses and support, the economic conditions of developing countries through his article. Through this he claims that a large flow of power has occurred to the peo ple who have brought the market to the far corners of the globe. These people were economists, bureaucrats, and officials who acted in the name of the United States and the other advanced industrial countries but they were not able to communicate as effectively as they spoke a language that few citizens could comprehend and that few policymakers bother to translate.Economic policy is the most fundamental part of the communication between America and the rest of the world. But it is a grave fact that the nature of the justice of international economy is not just or democratic where big parties such as IMF do not take country constraints into consideration while formulating policies (Stiglitz, 2000). A part of the book by Kapstein is focused on tracing some of the detail issues which are linked to the issue of a just global economy, as they are critical to a couple billion people around the world.Even if some modifications are made in how the WTO works, it would have a negative impact as on the lives of rural peoples, particularly in developing countries. Through the book Kapstein has debated over the topic that merely emphasizing on the issue of poverty is inadequate to make the global economy just as it does not put relations between states front and center. â€Å"It is governments,† he writes, â€Å"that sign treaties and agreements, impose sanctions and boycotts, and make war and peace, and it is governments that — for good or for bad — are ultimately accountable for their actions at home and abroad.† It can be simply said that a theory devised to justify the global economy must stress on the relations between states and the kinds of economic arrangements states subscribe to. Individuals are not the only moral agents but the states are also moral agents, who are responsible to one another as well as to their citizens (Rosenthal, 2006). Bibliography Black, Maggie, 2002. The No-Nonsense Guide to International Development, ch 2 & 3 E than B. Kapstein (2006) Review: Economic Justice in an Unfair world: Toward a Level Playing Field. . Retrieved on November 7th 2006 from:http://pup. princeton. edu/titles/8162. html Stiglitz, Jospeh,( 2000). â€Å"What I Learned at the World Economic Crisis. †Retrieved on November 7th 2006 from: http://www. mindfully. org/WTO/Joseph-Stiglitz-IMF17apr00. htm Joel Rosenthal, (2006). Economic Justice in an Unfair World: Toward a Level Playing Field Retrieved on November 7th 2006 from: http://www. cceia. org/resources/transcripts/5402. html Wade, Robert, 2006. Economic justice in an unfair world Retrieved on November 7th 2006 from: http://pienso. typepad. com/pienso/2006/09/economic_justic. html

Education and Students

Copyright Student Coursework A percentage of the price you paid for this work will be passed on to the author. Institution: City & Guilds Course: 6302 Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector PTLLS Unit: 1 Task: Theory 1 Words: 1231 Title: Describe what your role, responsibilities and boundaries would be as a teacher in terms of the teaching/training cycle.As a teacher in Beauty Therapy I would have many roles and responsibilities some of which can be lesson planning, identifying a students needs and referring students to other agencies or services, to set goals and motivate students, understand and respect students, attend meetings so I can keep up to date with relevant guide lines and legislation relating to my subject in which I teach, to name just a few. Teachers require many skills and qualities such as knowledge in the subject in which they teach, confidence, being organised and trustworthy.I also have a duty of care to my students to look after their health and safet y in the environment in which I teach. I have to set boundaries within which to work, in order to keep my student/teacher relationship on a professional level and to be able to deliver quality teaching within a safe environment. In terms of the training cycle a teachers’ role and responsibilities involve the following: Identifying needs It is essential I find out the needs of the subject and students in order to plan lessons.Students’ needs should be established from interviews, application forms, ice-breakers etc. Any special requirements can be picked up at this stage and planned for e. g. dyslexia, dysphasia and also any disabilities which may influence class location e. g. access, specialised equipment etc. I will discuss with the student what he or she wants to achieve and how to go about this, the objectives are the steps taken to attain this outcome. It is important to know a students needs in order to do a suitable lesson plan.I will treat each and every studen t as an individual with respect to their own individual needs for example if a student needs extra support from another source I need to be able to tell them where they can get the support they require. I need to make sure all resources and facilities are available to the students when they need them. Identifying needs and an understanding of my students as well as good communication is essential to successful teaching, whether it be with primary age children, GCSE level students to further education students wanting to gain skills relevant to their work or wishing to embark on a areer change. â€Å"Variety in teaching and learning will ensure that your sessions are meeting individuals’ needs and are addressing different spans of attention† (Wilson L 2008 : 38 ) It is forbidden to copy or resell this work without written permission Http://www. studentcoursework. co. uk 1 Copyright Student Coursework A percentage of the price you paid for this work will be passed on to the author. Plan and Design The course content needs to relate to the syllabus and any constraints should be considered e. . time, resources, methods of delivery, variety, health and safety etc. Activities and resources should be tailored to the needs and level of the students whilst also being aware of individual needs. Activities should vary in order to keep my students interested and help them to learn progressively again, health and safety issues need to be taken into account when performing any activities and also availability of resources.There may be a need for a risk assessment if the activities include a field trip and resources may need to be booked in advance e. g. IT equipment, transport. â€Å"when delivering learning, plan tasks in a logical order, relating theory to practice and involve students with their own experiences. Always state clearly what you are going to do and why. Recap and summarise topics, repeat key words and ask questions to check learning. Try not t o do too much or complicate your delivery as knowledge takes time to be assimilated.Keep things simpleâ€Å". (Garvells A 2007 : 6 ) Deliver / Facilitate When planning and delivering I will need to acknowledge and respect the individual needs of a student, and where more help and support is needed students can be referred to Learner services for the appropriate support. I will deliver lessons in a way my students will understand. My Knowledge transfer is important to any student. I shall make sure a student understands the information I am delivering and I will do so in a way which an individual student will understand.I need to be flexible with my techniques a lesson plan is only a guild and I may have to make adjustments as I deliver. I will aim to motivate my students and encourage students to participate in discussions and debates, ask them to share their knowledge and experiences. I need to manage my time well and keep to my goals and enjoy each lesson. â€Å"Ensure that ever y lesson includes methods that appeal to visual, auditory and kinaesthetic learners. Follow a structured style introduction, middle and an end. † ( Wilson L 2008: 169 ) Assess I will be constantly assessing from the very first application form which is completed.Every lesson is an assessment and as the teacher I will be looking for each and every ones input into the lesson. Questions and answers are relevant when assessing it is a way of knowing whether my students are absorbing and understanding the information which I am delivering to them. Without questions and answers assessing would be impossible. There are different ways of assessing it can be achieved by means of written tests, verbal tests or discussions, performing activities as a group or as an individual, assignments and projects.I should always be fair with my assessments and explain to my student if there are any issues with the assessment. I will explain why I have failed him/her, be open to constructive criticis m and don’t take things personal if a student disagrees with me. Also know my boundaries, there is no favouritism, I will encourage feed back and keep records ranging from a register to IPL’s and records of achievement which can be used to track a students progress and development as well as a way of evaluating.It is forbidden to copy or resell this work without written permission Http://www. studentcoursework. co. uk 2 Copyright Student Coursework A percentage of the price you paid for this work will be passed on to the author. Evaluate It is important to evaluate the learning process in order to ascertain its effectiveness. It helps to identify any problem areas and highlight where improvements can be made. Evaluation can be via feedback from students at the end of a lesson.It can also be in the form of self evaluation and reflective practice in order to help development and improve on teaching skills. I will encourage my students to keep a journal as this will help me and my student to identify their progress, their highs and lows in specific areas of their course. You can also recognise some ones stronger areas and their weaknesses allowing you to give them support in the areas that need that extra input and praising them for the areas which they have excelled.This also reflects on my delivery skills as a teacher allowing me to have the opportunity to touch up on my skills or areas in which students find challenging. It maybe I need to deliver this in a different way for a particular student to understand, resulting in a better method of teaching. Evaluation helps you look at things from a bigger picture, as course work comes together I will become aware if a student is falling behind or keeping up with the pace of the course in which I may want to change my methods of delivery or my lesson plan to suit the student.This brings me back round to the beginning stage of the cycle again where I can reassess and reflect before starting the whole cy cle again. Improvements and changes can then be made if necessary. References Gravells A. (2008) Preparing to teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Third addition. Learning Matters Ltd Wilson L. (2008) Practical Teaching a guild to PTLLS & CTLLS Delmar It is forbidden to copy or resell this work without written permission Http://www. studentcoursework. co. uk 3

About Jhumpa Lahiri

She graduated from South Kingstown High school and later achieved multiple degrees in Boston university. In 2001, She married Alberto vourvoulias –Bush, A journalist who was then a deputy editor of â€Å"The Times†. Interpreter of maladies Lahiri’s short stories faced rejection from publishers for years. But, Finally in 1999, Her first short story composition was released. The short stories address sensitive dilemmas in the lives of Indians. Including themes such as miscarriages and martial difficulties. Also, the disconnection between first and second generation United States immigrants. It was highly praised by American critics and sold 600,000 copies. Also, it received the 2000 Pulitzer price for Fiction The namesake â€Å"The Namesake† was Lahiri’s first novel and was published in 2003. The story spans over thirty years in the Ganguli family. The Calcutta born parents emigrated as young adults to The United States Of America with their children Gongol and Sonia where they experienced the constant generational and cultural gap. Lahiri made herself as a cameo â€Å"Aunt Jhumpa†. Unaccustomed earth â€Å"Unaccustomed Earth, Her second collection of novels was published on 1 April, 2008. It went to the number 1 spot just few days after it’s release on the New York best-seller list. It was praised a lot by all critics and masses and sold thousands and thousands of copies. Achievements and awards * 1993 – TransAtlantic Award from the Henfield Foundation * 1999 –  O. Henry Award  for short story â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 1999 –  PEN/Hemingway Award  (Best Fiction Debut of the Year) for â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 1999 – â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† selected as one of  Best American Short Stories * 2000 – Addison Metcalf Award from the  American Academy of Arts and Letters * 2000 – â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† selected as one of  Best American Short Stories 2000 –  The New Yorker’s Best Debut of the Year for â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 2000 –  Pulitzer Prize for Fiction  for her debut â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 2000 –  James Beard Foundation’s M. F. K. Fisher Distinguished Writing Award for â€Å"Indian Takeout† in  Food Wine Magazine * 2002 –  Guggenheim Fellowshi p * 2002 – â€Å"Nobody’s Business† selected as one of  Best American Short Stories * 2008 –  Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award  for â€Å"Unaccustomed Earth† * 2009 –  Asian American Literary Award  for â€Å"Unaccustomed Earth† About Jhumpa Lahiri She graduated from South Kingstown High school and later achieved multiple degrees in Boston university. In 2001, She married Alberto vourvoulias –Bush, A journalist who was then a deputy editor of â€Å"The Times†. Interpreter of maladies Lahiri’s short stories faced rejection from publishers for years. But, Finally in 1999, Her first short story composition was released. The short stories address sensitive dilemmas in the lives of Indians. Including themes such as miscarriages and martial difficulties. Also, the disconnection between first and second generation United States immigrants. It was highly praised by American critics and sold 600,000 copies. Also, it received the 2000 Pulitzer price for Fiction The namesake â€Å"The Namesake† was Lahiri’s first novel and was published in 2003. The story spans over thirty years in the Ganguli family. The Calcutta born parents emigrated as young adults to The United States Of America with their children Gongol and Sonia where they experienced the constant generational and cultural gap. Lahiri made herself as a cameo â€Å"Aunt Jhumpa†. Unaccustomed earth â€Å"Unaccustomed Earth, Her second collection of novels was published on 1 April, 2008. It went to the number 1 spot just few days after it’s release on the New York best-seller list. It was praised a lot by all critics and masses and sold thousands and thousands of copies. Achievements and awards * 1993 – TransAtlantic Award from the Henfield Foundation * 1999 –  O. Henry Award  for short story â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 1999 –  PEN/Hemingway Award  (Best Fiction Debut of the Year) for â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 1999 – â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† selected as one of  Best American Short Stories * 2000 – Addison Metcalf Award from the  American Academy of Arts and Letters * 2000 – â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† selected as one of  Best American Short Stories 2000 –  The New Yorker’s Best Debut of the Year for â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 2000 –  Pulitzer Prize for Fiction  for her debut â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† * 2000 –  James Beard Foundation’s M. F. K. Fisher Distinguished Writing Award for â€Å"Indian Takeout† in  Food Wine Magazine * 2002 –  Guggenheim Fellowshi p * 2002 – â€Å"Nobody’s Business† selected as one of  Best American Short Stories * 2008 –  Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award  for â€Å"Unaccustomed Earth† * 2009 –  Asian American Literary Award  for â€Å"Unaccustomed Earth†

Using social media in classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Using social media in classroom - Essay Example Social media allows all kinds of students to interact and participate. This brings forward those students who are relatively shy and less interactive otherwise. Since the students find a platform and medium through which they can co relate, participate and express their views, it is therefore that the social media makes it possible interacting more actively and overcoming the shyness and other obstacles that are otherwise felt by the students in the normal routine activities. The second advantage of social media is its helping hand towards increasing communication and means of interacting in the class. Since the communication over social media is more organized and formal, it allows more opportunity towards expressing the views and presenting the points that are otherwise difficult to express. Social media provides various platforms which in turn makes the communication means and concept more mechanized. This in turn leads to more improved opportunities and platform of extracting knowledge. The third aspect and benefit of social media is its usage in class has made the overall process of learning and teaching a more interactive one. It has led to the more colorful interaction and representation of facts, information and figures. The second most important element is the fact that since social media is directly associated with the internet and other online sources, it leads to more updated and more detailed view of the facts or a particular case which may not find as relevant and as updated versions in the textual forms or the standard text books which are published and updated at the end of the year or session. Each of these has various platforms in the form of groups, pages, walls and other communities which makes sharing of the information common, collective and easy to reach. The colorful presence of technology along with the platform availability makes it an eye catching source towards learning and interactive process. The

Breast cancer metastases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Breast cancer metastases - Essay Example The study shows that, breast cancer mostly recurs in the skeleton. However, the bone metastases were mainly discovered in the necropsies of the patients who had breast cancer in thoracic as well as the lumbosacral trunk. One hypothesis of Breast Cancer Metastases is that, the Breast Cancer Metastases is a significant factor that causes death in patients. In more often than not, cancer diseases can be controlled only if metastasis fails to happen. The study of Breast Cancer Metastases was conducted by the researcher to help them know the total number of women affected by the disease. In the article, the authors’ main message is that, breast cancer can be suspected in any patient with the advanced diseases as well as pain in the sterna bone (Uuart, 2005) From the case reports given in the article, the research reveals that, the most serious cancers affecting women are the metastatic cancers. This means that, the cancer has spread from the place where it started to other tissues that are distant from the tumor site. The research also reveals that, breast cancer normally metastasize in the lymph nodes. In 1980, the report of human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS is said to be as a result of blood transfusion leading to the general panic for both the public and institution for the United States blood banks. There has been a threat of the global shortages of blood and the fears of contamination have also hastened the attempts of finding a life-sustaining alternative. However in other countries such as France, the physicians make sure that the supply of blood is safe making the chances of contracting the HIV through transfusion to be lower. There are two main issues affecting the blood banks which include the supply of blood and contracting of HIV disease through blood transfusion. The Heart of the Matter There is a big challenge in finding the blood substitutes making the blood to be very complex. The blood substitutes are made up of the blood cells, t he salt as well as other substances constituting of proteins and the vitamins suspended in the plasma. The blood cells such as the white cells, the red cells and platelets have a volume of blood of about 45 percent. The hemoglobin found in the protein is said to be significant in the emergency situations, despite of it not containing the red blood cell membrane. The function of the hemoglobin is to pick up the gases, for example the research carried out recently shows that hemoglobin can transport the nitric oxide which maintains the blood pressure. Lifeblood The blood loss in people usually threatens a significant process. For instance, if someone loses about 40 percent of blood in his/her body, the body is able to compensate it by quickly releasing the red blood cells. This is done by moving the blood away from the nonessential organs to restore the blood volume. Safety in Substitutes Finding of the safety in substitutes has continued to be plagued by the lack of the success. It i s therefore advisable for all the researchers to address the safety concerns which fail to rise for the therapeutic administered in smaller amounts. In most cases, the blood substitutes are usually used for the purpose of blood volume restoring. Despite of all the challenges, the blood subs

Long Serving Members, Party Leadership and Committees in U.S Congress Essay

Long Serving Members, Party Leadership and Committees in U.S Congress - Essay Example An institution should never work for a particular segment of people alone. It should work for the wellbeing of all the people. This paper analyses American Congress as an institution with its long-serving members, party leadership and committees. First, and foremost, Congress is sometimes called the "People's Branch," because it is so close to the electoral process and, hence, the voters. Whereas the entire Executive Branch has two elected officials, president and vice president (and they run together as a team), the population of Congress results from 535 separate elections. Members can rarely rest from fund raising or campaigning. Every two years, about 470 of those seats are up for reelection--all of the House and 1/3 of the Senate (Weingarten). Before analysing Congress as an institution, it is necessary to know what an institution is. Institution is often become a controversial word. It has no standardized definition. Different people define the term institution in different way s. According to James Pedlar (2011), â€Å"An institution is a changeable, but permanent, product of purposive social role behaviour which subjects the individual to obligations, gives him formal authority and possesses legal sanctions† (Pedlar). If this definition is true, one can safely say that American Congress is definitely an institution at least in principle. It should be noted that none of the Congress members are permanent and each of them are elected for a specific period only. At the same time, one should not be forgotten that American congress is a permanent entity even though its members are changing periodically. All the congressmen have some kind of obligations towards the country and also towards the people the constituencies they represent. Moreover, each congressman has some kind of power given to them by the American constitution. In short, American Congress satisfies all the requirements of an institution. At the same time, it should be noted that some of the members of American congress have already crossed 50 years service as Congressman. For example, Robert Byrd, who died at the age of 92 recently, had served American Congress for around 52 years. Same way more than 25 members of the current Congress have crossed more than 35 years of service in Congress. These statistics clearly suggest that even though a prescribed term was there for the Congressmen, many of them were able to continue in Congress for very long periods. This is because of the fact that American constitution allows a person to compete elections to Congress as many times he likes. Even though presidential term is fixed to two terms maximum, such restrictions are not there for the congressmen. That is why many people argue that American Congress is not at all an institution since many of its members remain the same for a longer period. As everybody knows, conservatives and Democrats are two of the major political parties in American Congress. The leadership of these parties in the Congress will be elected by the party conferences. One of the will be the majority party leader whereas the other would be the minority party leader. At present, Democratic Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada and Republican Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky are working as the floor leaders in