Should Patois Be Taught In Schools?

Should Patois Be Taught In Schools? Serious deliberation have been placed on teaching patois in schools by advocates such as professor Hubert Devonish of the department of Language, Linguistics and Philosophy at the University of the West Indies. However patois have no standard way of spelling and grammar and will only bring confusion and limits students ability to write, or express themselves in English. Notwithstanding the cultural impact it has on our Jamaican society, the debate of teaching patois in schools signifies an admission of failure. According to former Prime Minister Bruce Golding, speaking at a graduation at Kings Way High School recently, teaching patois in school would be saying, We have failed to impart our accepted language of English so we are giving up. Patois does not have any place in academics or to the global society, therefore if Jamaicans need to move forward internationally, concentration, on speech, and writing in English will broaden students learning and concept of how important it will be in the long run. Should patois be taught in school? Listening to an interview with our track and field ambassadors, Usain Bolt and Shelly Ann Fraser, expressing themselves with precision without having an interpreter translating patois is invigorating, showing how educated enough they are and how aware of the scope of English has help their global travels. World renowned Jamaican reggae artist Bob Marley spoke in Patois, yes, but lets not forget, his main forum for communicating was through music and the message in his music for most part was in English. Patois has been said to have been Jamaicas native Language for the longest while but there are questions to ask before considering teaching Patois in school, which I strongly am against. According to the Oxford English dictionary, language is defined as the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people. Patois however is an imitation from TWI, a language spoken by the Ashanti tribe and still spoken in much of Ghana, it is a language that is confirmed to be very difficult to write, and like Jamaican patois its meaning is more dependent on tone than structure. Legend has it that the slaves intentionally mixed TWI and English to construct patois in order to be able to speak but not interpret outside their own circle making slave masters unable to understand. Patois was never Jamaicas first language. Jamaica originally was a Spanish speaking colony hence Spanish would be the first language, shortly after an English colony and even since independence nothing has change in that regard. Patois has no consistency in spelling, grammar or construction rules, its vocabulary isnt contained in any accredited dictionary, therefore, why should it be considered to be taught in schools. Jamaicans learnt it by ear and hone our skills by practice among a circle of patois speaking friends. Education minister Hr. Ronald Thwaites had reports of results of exams showing how the practice of concentrating on writing and speaking the English language is important. Mr Thwaites strongly advise the practise of the English language by teachers, parents and students alike which he deemed would help in students achieving higher grades for, Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT), Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) Caribbean Secondary Examination Certificate (CSEC), even for university students. Writing patois in essay would be affected by the effort to grasp it. Standard use would be by the spoken words only, which would remove it as anybodys first language, especially to be taught in schools to children who are already struggling to write any form of English. The theory of learning patois is just to transfer insecurities onto an age band that suffer no such uneasiness. Teaching them to enter the world with self-reliance, self-respect, self belief and self worth, would be brought together by the unified language, English. This is not to say patois has no place in our schools, it does however has a chief place in history or social studies called culture. English is a language of contact with the wider world whilst patois is not. English has become compulsory in many countries, reason being English is the language of the world, there are examples of this fact at main events in the world such as the Olympics, and where it shows English is the evading language of choice. Jamaica is a part of a global village, where the need to extricate ourselves from the third world captivity has to be our focus. Failure in the English language in schools that much focus needs to be practiced, the majority of students who fail English have grasped patois too well. However while patois remains and will always be an essential part of Jamaican culture, English remains our official language and greater stress should be placed on teaching and speaking English especially in schools. Patois has its importance in the Jamaican perspective but has no worldwide appeal in work and play therefore it is at our advantage to do our best to teach English and use it as widely as possible. Patois does have its limits. Ironically those who feel or is advocating for patois to be taught in schools are all usually well educated, with reputable careers, thanks to their advanced communication skills in English, I rest my case. Should College Students Wear Uniforms Wearing uniforms in school may be considered to be a good thing. The concept of this teaches college students how to dress appropriately for a special occasion, such as for an interview. Uniforms give an installation of order and discipline within the school therefore making it relevant. It is a distinguishing mark of a school and gives student a sense of belonging, I therefore strongly agree about college students wearing uniforms. Firstly, because it gives a sense of homogeneity. Wearing the same clothing, allows for a sense of equality. Making persons who are poor feels like they have fitted-in to their studying environment. Others, even the rich people, may want to find some way to fit into society, so perhaps this would be one way of doing so. Secondly, students dont have to choose their outfit every day, therefore minimizing those time-consuming decisions on choosing an outfit. Thirdly, it gives identification. For example, if a student from Colbourne College becomes lost or have an accident, they will be easily recognizable by people in the streets or elsewhere, if the person had such a bad accident that puts that person in a state of coma and cannot respond to help, the school could be contacted for relevant information, or the school could be a link to relatives of that particular person. However, schools are more towards education and as well as making lifelong leader. Wearing uniforms gives respect to a school. If students wear a uniform they cannot break the dress code. Buying a uniform is inexpensive, than having to be buying clothes for a day to day purpose as well as save parents who have to struggle to find tuition fee and other financial demands. Young people think too much about fashion and style. Therefore wearing uniform will take their minds off fashion and allow for better concentration on their studies and things that really matters. Some people may say uniforms takes away ones individuality. Which is definitely not so, it is not the clothes that makes one an individual, it is the person wearing the clothes. One hundred persons can be standing in a room wearing the same outfit and still look different. How? By the way they wear their clothes, and by the way they carry themselves. That is what makes someone an individual. If persons feel like they cannot be an individual without the clothes, then they were never an individual in the first place. Having ones individuality will allow one to stand out in or out of uniforms. They can stand out in any situation, at any time, or place. Therefore advocates who are not for uniforms can stop putting so much emphasis on how clothes make the individual, because that is not true, what the advocates should do is focus on the order, and value that uniforms instils. On the other hand, so many young people wear clothes that are too tight and too revealing. Uniforms can be a protection where that is concerned, for instance prevention of having to deal with a perverted teacher who will have indecent thoughts about a student. Therefore bordering on indecent dressing cuts down on that. Consequently, people may argue that students can have more liberty and show off their creativity by not wearing the standard boring school uniforms, but this may cause distraction among students. School uniforms teach students the lesson of respect and prioritizing, putting studies above fashion, since their main focus should be studying. School uniforms teach students respect and the importance to prioritize. For these reason, I therefore conclude that school uniforms are necessary and essential because it promotes values of paramount importance. I believe that continuation to have college students wear school uniforms would be as beneficial to our community and society at large. Task two: Descriptive writing TOPICS: Your memory of a place that you visited as a child A treasured belonging An accident scene A street that leads to your home or street My memory of a place I visited as a child Clear, blue dashing water lining the coast of St. Mary to Port Antonio, was always a captivating soothing sight for me when going on a visit as a child on holidays. The feeling of nostalgia was always overwhelming in my memories as I recall those visits. Anxiety engulf my mind that on the night before my trips as I can recall was a restless, sleepless one for a child, looking forward to visiting my aunts home, in Portland. The memories of waking up in the morning to a delicious, hot, appetizing, well cooked meal of boiled bananas with roasted breadfruit, with ackee and saltfish along with some nice warm tasty chocolate tea, was mouth watering enough for a child who wasnt even crazy about food. After breakfast my cousin and I would prepare ourselves for our favourite daily trips to the beach that was five minutes walking distance from my aunts home. Those walks to the beach were always a delight for my cousin and me. The roads leading there were always packed with people who were alwa ys washing down cars, or at shop corners playing domino, or just having a friendly chat with each other, so there was always the sounds of laughter and excitement in the air while taking our journey to the beach. We didnt mind the rocky narrow roads that led to the beach, we didnt even notice how cruel they were, nothing unpleasant phased our journey, the rocky roads deemed pleasant for us, we didnt even noticed how devastating the roads were, our innocent minds didnt see the faults of how dangerous the narrow roads we travelled, could have been, with cars driving along as if we werent there, each time stopping and pulling ourselves to one corner of the road to allow them to pass. Alluring and captivating sight of our destination each day always gave me a tranquil feeling as I can remember clearly. Our bag filled with load of goodies from shops we stopped and bought from tells that we had no intention to leave quickly. Music from little huts and sounds of laughter of other children playing gleefully near the shores, always reminded us that we would not be alone. The white sands under our feet, felt as if we were actually walking on carpets in our home, the clear blue water seemed to beckon us to enter its domain, and without hesitation we normally did. Calm and relaxing as I found the inviting waters, I never venture far away from the shore, never allowing the waters to pass my waist, because in my mind the sea was a entire world to itself with many secret, and has much has it drew me I always kept my stance. Taking regular breaks to stop and enjoy our sparkling sodas and tasty treats, as well as joining other children who seemed to enjoy being part of what th e beach had to offer. We would normally play on swings that hung from tree branches that were found right on the sandy seashore or we would have castle building competitions of who could build the better castle faster. Before retiring from my place of solace my cousin and I would wash ourselves, in the cool sea waters which seemed to actually enjoy bathing us, as if to say, Good bye girls see you tomorrow. On reaching our aunts home we were always welcome by the scent of dinner which drew us fiercely to the table to enjoy what the country had to offer. Gripping childhood memories of my holiday vacations to Port Antonio was always as I distinctly remember, very much anticipated. A treasured belonging Have you ever had a photograph that you have treasured? A photograph of my parents together, reminding me of happier days as a family, which is a treasured belonging of mine. Glossy and radiant with an antique finish that gives a feeling of rare treasure. Holding hands and standing by a delicious, sweet, savoury mango tree with the sun beating down on a pleasantly windy day. My mothers long coarse hair, blowing in the air, made her appear radiant as my father looked affectionately at her. Staring intently into each others, misty eyes. The feeling of shiny deep fondness for each other went beyond the photograph. As I glance at the photo, I reminisced at how beautiful and wonderful my parents were together making it a lasting memory of what wonderful parents I have been blessed with. Forever treasuring a pass of happy times shared together as a family. Stolen by my thoughts of how life was through the vintage photograph of my parents, knowing this photo was part of my heart allowed solace and comfort of times passed and memories to share with my children of their roots and even of the impact it could have on our modern days, by showing them the love from that one photograph of family togetherness and love. Holding the photograph as if it was an egg, carefully putting it away in my safe signifies how much it meant to me to hold on and cherish the memories of my parents who died several years ago, keeping them alive through the memories of a photograph. An accident scene As usual I got up to a bright sunny morning ready to take my customary morning walk down a frequently busy street that gives one quite a adrenaline rush to see the quivering cars and buses make their way busily, with people who needed to reach their destination without hesitation. On reaching a block away from my home a friend of mine who live on 57th street was waiting anxiously on my arrival to join me on my routine walk. Just has she was about to cross the street, suddenly a crazed van from out of nowhere knocked her right across the street where she fell exactly at my feet! Shocked at how fast it all enfold, I began screaming profuciously in a panic to be witness of someone I knew, got hit down so brutally. Bleeding from her mouth and head she laid there obviously unconscious. I shouted helplessly to passersbys for help, begging them repeatedly to call an ambulance, not even taking notice of the van speeding away quickly. People started rushing towards the scene in panic, wanting to know if she was dead. At first I thought she was, her lifeless helpless body just lay there on the ground twisted in an unusual awkward position. All sorts of things ran through my mind at this point, I wondered how could this be, how did a seemingly wonderful day turn out to be so horrific. In a distance I could hear the sounds of police and ambulance sirens approaching, thinking that they have taken a bit of, what seems to be forever to arrive. Still slumped over my friends lifeless body, still crying relentlessly, hoping that god has not taken her away, a soft gentle hand held me up, pleadingly perswayed me to go with them, reassuring me that the police and paramedics are professionals and would take care of my friend. Watching steadily, with my tear torn face, as they checked her body for any unusual bleeding, and testing to see if her heart was beating on the spot, quickly adjusting her onto a stretcher to fit in the ambulance I heard one of the paramedics shouted, she is alive! A street that leads to my home. Dilapidated and fill with cries of pain, my street greeted me as I turned off onto it to get to my home. The horrific pot holes were a scene of a stolen dead body with the intestine, bladder and heart pulled out. Sometimes I wonder what tortured chamber I dissipated onto awaiting an executioner to grab me and do to me what he has done to my street. Dogs walked aimlessly along the street from bin to bin hunger stricken looking for their next meal, scattering garbage all over. There was a chill as I walked along the stretch that led to my home, the wind blew the scattered garbage and whispered softly, and making me quite aware of how lonely the street was with only me and the dogs as occupants. Dark and clouded was the street as if a storm was ready to hit and beckoning me to hurry along the stretch. Heart racing, as if in an Olympics, I hurried in anxiety of sight of home. The trees that stood sturdily along the street side told ancient stories of what should have been an exquisite ne ighbourhood. Buildings that faded what seemed to be centuries ago, hung on to life as if wanting to be revived and saved, making me sometimes wonder what life the street would have if help had reached in time or what stories it had to tell. Not wavering my mind too much by distraction of historic mysteries, I hurried off the street to the entrance of my home, which seemed to have saved me from a monstrous journey, making me felt relieved of a five minutes walked that seemed to last forever. Task Three: Poetry/Comprehension Poetry answers; The narrator is speaking to her son child in the first stanza. The man indicated to the woman that after reaching home he would signal her by lighting his lamp. Occasion of the poem would be recollection of how a romance started from start to end. The events in the first stanza took place in the late evening. Usage of the inverted commas by the poet at the beginning and the end of the first stanza is to express or stress the time or era in her life when her romance started and how she felt. Words that would indicate the reluctance of the man to leave the woman could be, bear, turned, pact. The effect the writer tried to create by repeating could not bear is a certain type of mood that would indicate how both the man and woman felt for each other, and how much they didnt want to be apart. Comprehension passage None in line one refers to Parillon men. The writer rates the performance of the Parillon men by expressing how well they have done in merchandising and inter-island shipping through their generation. The Parillon women did volunteer work instead of working for pay. Two words or phase in the passage that showed the attitude of the Parillon women in the Tortola community are words, such as aloofness, and phase, such as, an air of superior apartness. Nobles oblige is put in italics for emphasis on the Parillon women act of honor or generosity. Two words which express the image the writer creates by the use of the word, cocooned, are; They were thought to have lost out, gives the meaning of the women not enjoying life to the fullest by not marrying or having children. Whisperings tells that the neighbours attitude towards the Parillon women were pitiable. Task four: Summary Writing How children should be kept healthy for school. Children should always have a medical test for various communicable diseases and should be fully immunized before returning to school. It is an essential part of back to school and is compulsory. Being immunized helps in the prevention of transmittable disease outbreaks such as measles, mumps and rubella which are still a big killer among children. Parents should teach children about proper hygiene consistently especially for preschoolers who often contract germs from playmates. Informing teachers of a childs allergic reactions for food or otherwise is also a precautionary measure. If child shows symptoms of infectious illness, irrespective of how the child may look never send a child to school until he or she is seen by a doctor.

American Election

Proponents also point out that, far from diminishing minority interests by depressing voter participation, the Electoral College actually enhances the status of minority groups. This is so because the votes of even small minorities in a state may make the difference between winning all of that state’s electoral votes or none of that state’s electoral votes. And since ethnic minority groups in the United States happen to concentrate in those states with the most electoral votes, they assume an importance to presidential candidates well out of proportion to their number.The same principle applies to other special interest groups such as labor unions, farmers, environmentalists and so forth. Most states use a winner-take-all system, in which the candidate with the most votes in that state receives all of the state's electoral votes. This gives candidates an incentive to pay the most attention to states without a clear favorite, such as Pennsylvania, Ohio and Florida.For ex ample, California, Texas and New York, in spite of having the largest populations, have in recent elections been considered safe for a particular party; Democratic for California & New York; Republican for Texas, and therefore candidates typically devote relatively few resources, in both time and money, to such states It is possible to win the election by winning all of eleven states and disregarding the rest of the country. In the close elections of 2000 and 2004, these eleven states gave 111 votes to Republican candidate George W.Bush and 160 votes to Democratic candidates Al Gore and John Kerry. Part 2. How the Electoral College system in the general election fail to ensure that the presidential candidate who wins the most votes becomes president. One way in which a minority president could be elected is if the country were so deeply divided politically that there were three or more presidential candidates split the electoral votes among them such that no one obtained the necessa ry majority. This occurred in 1824 and was successfully attempted in 1948.Those who object to the Electoral College system and favor a direct popular election generally do so on four grounds: the possibility of electing a minority president, the risk of so-called faithless electors, the possible role of the Electoral College in depressing voter turn out and its failure to accurately reflect the national popular will. A faithless voter is one who pledge to vote for his or her party’s candidate for president but nevertheless votes for another candidate.In this way the Electoral College may fail to ensure that the presidential candidate who has the most votes becomes president. On the concern of the possible role of the Electoral College in depressing voter turn out critics argue that since each state is entitled to the same number of electoral votes regardless of its voter turnout, there is no incentive to encourage voter participation. The college fails to accurately reflect t he national popular will in at least two respects. First the distribution of Electoral votes in the college tends to over-represent people in rural states.This is because the number of Elector for each state is determined by the number if members it has in the House (which more or less reflects the state’s population size) plus the number of members it has in the senate (which is always two regardless of the states population). A second way in which the Electoral College fails to accurately reflect the national popular will stem primarily from winner-take-all mechanism whereby the presidential candidate who wins the most poplar votes in the state wins all the Electoral votes of that state.One effect of this mechanism is to make it extremely difficult for third-party or independent candidates ever to make much of showing in the Electoral College. If for example, a third party or independent candidate were to win the support of even as many as 25% of the voters nationwide, he m ight still end up with no Electoral College votes at all unless he won a plurality of votes in at least the state. And even if he managed to win a few states, his support elsewhere would not be reflected.By thus failing to accurately reflect the national popular will, the argument goes, the Electoral College reinforces a two party system, discourages third party or independent candidates and thereby tends to restrict choice available to the electorate. Part 3 How some groups have much higher turnover rates than? Low turnout is often considered to be undesirable and there is much debate over the factors that affect turnout and how to increase it. Its case has been attributed to a wide array of economic, demographic, cultural, technological and institutional factors.A high turnover is generally seen as evidence of the legitimacy of the current system. Socioeconomic factors significantly affect whether or not individuals vote. The most important socioeconomic factor in voter turnout is education. The more educated a person, the more likely he or she is to vote, even when controlled for other factors such as income and class that are closely associated with education level. Income has some effect independently. Wealthier people are more likely to vote regardless of their educational background.Other demographic factors have an important influence: young people are far less likely to vote than the elderly and single people are less likely to vote than those who are married. Occupation has little effect on turnover with the notable exception of higher voting rates among government employees in many countries. Generally speaking, the lower voters’ education level and lower voters’ income level, the less likely they are to vote. For example, college graduates in some recent election have had turnout levels nearly twice that of those who have not finished high school.Some individuals possess more politically relevant sources, like income and education, th an others, some are more interested in public affairs and some are more likely to be recruited to participate. These factors arise from early socialization at home and in school and from affiliations with voluntary associations, workplaces and religious institutions. Public policies can confer resources, motivate interest in government affairs by trying well-being to government action, define groups for mobilization and even shape the content and meaning of democratic citizenship.These effects are positive for some groups, like senior citizens, raising their participation levels. A surge in black voters’ turnout is often cited as a central factor in Jimmy Carter’s 1976 election victory. Beginning with Parenti (1967), many scholars advanced an â€Å"ethnic community† theory to explain why members of major ethnic groups in American cities (particularly the Irish, Italians and Jews) participated politically at rates much higher than their levels of education and in come would predict.According to this theory, socially marginalized groups developed strong communal norms of participation to which there is considerable pressure within the group to conform. Political and social participation in elections asserts the importance of minority groups within the larger society. As such, all members of the group are expected to have interest. Part 4 How campaign contributions from Political Action Committees may tilt the political system toward big moneyed interests.Citizens with lower or moderate incomes speak with a whisper that is lost on the ears of inattentive government officials, while the advantaged roar with a clarity and consistency that policy-makers readily hear and routinely follow. As people become more concentrated and the flow of money into elections has grow campaign contributions give the affluent a means to express their voice that is unavailable to most citizens. Government is expected to help ensure equal opportunity for all, not to tilt toward those who already have wealth and power. Even more clearly, Americans celebrate and expect equal democratic rights.Americans fervently believe that everyone should have an equal say in our democratic politics, helping to shape what government does. They embrace whole-heartedly the ideal enunciated by the U. S. Declaration of Independence that â€Å"all men are created equal, â€Å"which in our time means that every citizen regardless of income, gender, race, and ethnicity should have an equal voice in representative government. The government is run by a few big interests looking out only for themselves. Campaign contributors do not represent the interests of the majority citizens.In 2000, an income of over $ 100,000 was found only in 12 percent of American households. 95 percent of campaign contributors were from these households. Political contributors or moneyed interests are not bribing politicians directly. What moneyed interests and wealthy citizens do gain from contributing hugely is influence on the people who run for office and an audience with these people once they get to power. Essay #2 Part 1 Why the US has only two parties represented in its legislature unlike other established democracies. Too much partisanship can be fatal to democracy.The weakness of parties can also pose dangers. In a legislature with weak party attachments, it may prove impossible to pass needed legislation. The result, as in Yeltsin’s Russia is often resort to presidential decrees or even the forcible disbanding of the legislature. Conversely, legislators may be easily wooed by a president through patronage or less savory means. In countries with weak parties like the Philippines and Korea, it has been common for presidents elected without a legislative majority to acquire one through massive party defections.Indeed, one of the areas in which the dozens of new democracies established in the past two decades have been least successfully is the creation o f strong and stable political parties committed to democracy. In part, this reflects the impossibility of crafting a party system unlike most other key democratic political institutions, parties cannot be legislated into existence. At the same time it reflects a global trend, as political parties seem to be increasingly enfeebled institutions in the more established democracies as well.Almost everywhere, parties no longer command the loyalty or confidence they once did and the number of independent voters and ticket-splitters has grown. The US uses the principle of proportional representation which in essence means that parties or blocks of like minded voters should win seats in legislative assemblies to their share of the popular vote. A two party system is the only way to practice this principle. The cultural diversities in US are well catered for in a two party system. Having many parties in such a diverse society would mean that the real views of the people would not be reflecte d.More over a majority would be hard to achieve with many parties being represented in the legislature. Part 2 Why turnout in the US is so low compared to other established democracies? The US is one of the few countries require citizens to get themselves registered to vote, rather than having the government pro-actively making sure that all voters are on the electoral rolls, usually through some form of automatic and permanent registration on achieving voting age. On the one hand, in the United States, registration requirements are a serious barrier to political participation.There are many reasons why turnout in the US is as low as it is. Voters have to want to go to the polls and believe that their votes will matter. Many voters are disaffected from two political parties, turned off by negative campaigning, intimidated by the long ballots, and bothered by the lack of clear accountability in the crazy guilt federal system. The election laws themselves make it more difficult for pe ople to participate. For example Election Day is usually on a weekday (the first Tuesday in November for presidential and congressional elections) and it may be difficult for people to get away from work to vote.A more direct reduction in participation is brought about by laws in many states that bar convicted criminals from the political process. Approximately five millions Americans are unable to participate in the elections for these reasons. Other countries have found more direct ways to ensure high voter turnout such as making voting compulsory. In Australia, citizens who do not vote are subject to paying a fine and in Belgium, repeated failure to vote can lead to having your right to vote permanently cancelled. In America voting is not compulsory.The governments of most established countries take the responsibility of registering as many eligible voters as possible. In the US it is the sole responsibility of the individual to register for voting. If the costs and benefits that Americans encounter are markedly different than those encountered by citizens of other countries, then that should explain why the US turnout rate is so low. America’s unique registration laws accounted for roughly half the difference between US turnout rates and those of other advanced industrialized democracies in the 1960s and 1970s.Part 3. Advantages and disadvantages of the American style of candidate centered politics. The decline of American political parties in recent decades has made strength of partisanship even more important in predicting who votes. The rise of candidate-centered politics and the decline of partisanship can explain this phenomenon. When the focus of campaigns was on two parties rather than many candidates for many offices, everyone gained at least somewhat from picking choosing ones favorite candidates from both parties.Thus even those who did not identify with a party in the past could benefit from the partisan manner by which the campaigns were conducted. In the candidate-centered environment now, by contrast, the mobilizing effects of party competition have been felt more disproportionately according to ones level of party identification. The result has been rising inequality of turnout rates according to partisan strength. Voters in parliamentary systems are becoming more candidates centered in their voting, compared to voters in presidential systems.At the same time, it would appear that voters in presidential systems are evaluating candidates in a more instrumental and less partisan way. More so than in the past, candidates’ campaigns are self sufficient organizations indirectly dependent on political parties. And as agents of information, campaigns are replacing parties as the primary source of information about the candidates. Reference: Franklin, Mark (2001) â€Å"The Dynamics of Participation in the Electoral Process†. In Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective 2, ed. Lauren ce Leduc, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, in press

Female Serial Killers Statistics and Research - 864 Words

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According to statistics by the United States Bureau of Justice, men were ten time more likely to commit murder than women between 1976 and 2005. Nonetheless, the history of female serial killers in the United States can be traced back to the time of Lavinia Fisher who is widely regarded as the first female serial killer in the country. Lavinia used her characteristics of a beautiful and charming woman to help her husband rob and murder many male travelers (Lavinia Fisher, n.d.). Lavinia Fisher was executed in 1820Show MoreRelatedSerial Killers And The Psychopathic Personality Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of the psychopathic personality originated in the early nineteenth century with the research of J. C. Prichard, who formulated the notion of â€Å"moral insanity† to refer to a number of mental deficiencies that led to violent or undesired behaviors. 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Lykken, psychology professor and director of the Minnesota Twin Registry and former president of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, who earned the American Psychological Association s Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology in the Public Interest in 1990, proves this perfectly in a quote. His fear quotient theory describes this process as Like all biologicalRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Media on Children, Adolescence, and Adults2656 Words   |  11 Pages Of these, as they develop into adolescence will become aggressive adults, causing fights and battering their spouses. Unfortunately, some of these aggressive violent adults will kill people, whether it is an isolated incident or they become serial killers, they are overwhelmed by thoughts of violence. Not all children exposed to violence will become violent, but studies have shown a strong correlation between violent media and aggressive behavior in children, adolescence, and adults. Children Read MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Antisocial Personality1706 Words   |  7 Pageswith the disorder are actual psychopaths (Hirstein, 2013). As with most disorders there is a large spectrum as to the severity of the mental disorder. A myth about the disorder is that they are all psychopaths, which is not true because most are not killers and live normal lives. Some warning signs of antisocial personality disorder is Fighting, Deceitfulness, impulsiveness, repeated lying, breaking the law repeatedly, irritability and aggressiveness, inability to learn from experience or modify behaviorRead MoreTypes Of Crime And Crime1902 Words   |  8 PagesLaw enforcement agencies are required to report only the most serious offense in a crime that involves multiple offenses. The National Incident-Based Reporting System was begun as a collaboration between the Department of Justice Bureau of Crime Statistics and the FBI as an enhancement to the Uniform Crime Reports’ Crime Index. It collects data from local law enforcement agencies nationwide on both incidents and arrests on 46 specific crimes in 22 offense categories. The National Crime Victimization

Susan Atkins aka Sadie Mae Glutz - Manson Family Member

Hitler s Anti Jewish Measure - 1571 Words

There are many horrible things and evil people that have existed in this world, but not many of them add up to the type of evil that Adolf Eichmann was. Adolf Eichmann was a nightmare for the Jews; he stole them, shot them, and put them in a gas chambers. Eichmann was a huge factor in the solution to the â€Å"Jewish Question† in Germany. In the beginning of his influence on the Jews, he was ruthless and followed any demands given to him by his peers without question, then he began playing a large roll in the Holocaust as the leader in transportation. This had a huge effect on him, and sent him into a spiral of emotion; he wanted to protect his officers, so he changed the ways Jews were killed, but he developed such a hatred for the Jews that†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The way we selected our victims was as follows, Auschwitz Kommandant Hà ¶ss reported after the war: ‘We had two SS doctors on duty at Auschwitz to examine the incoming transports of prisoners. The prisoners would be marched by one of the doctors who would make spot decisions as they walked by. Those who were fit for work were sent into the camp. Others were sent immediately to the extermination plants. Children of tender years were invariably exterminated since by reason of their youth they were unable to work.’† (Adolf Eichmann - Biography 1). So to conclude on his duties, Eichmann was mainly in charge of the round-up and transportation of Jews, not to kill them in any way other than if the Jews were difficult and rebellious. This will come to change later when he witnesses how the Jews are being killed. Adolf Eichmann witnessed the shooting of Jews; but he thought this was inhumane. Yes, he was in charge of transportation, but he also witnessed shootings that occurred and the sites at which shooting had taken place. â€Å"Eichmann first visited Auschwitz in 1941, and he was to visit a number of killing centres throughout the East, in order to ensure that the â€Å"Final Solution† was being carried out. Eichmann proved to be a model of bureaucratic industriousness and icy determination even though he had never been a fanatical anti-semite,† (HolocaustResearchProject 1). Witnessing these shooting proved to change Eichmann a little, enough to the point where heShow MoreRelatedWhy Man Should Not Be As Cruel As Nature1715 Words   |  7 Pagesman should not be as cruel as nature.† This quote by Adolf Hitler can acutely describe the withstanding belief that he stood by in the years of his reign, 1933-1948. During the time of World War Two, Hitler vigorously believed in restoring his nation after the grim effects on Germany after World War One. He believed that in order to restore the nation, any non-Aryan or not of the superior race must be eradicated. Utilizing this belief, Hitler along with Nazi government caused years of suffering forRead MoreThe Nazis And The Superior Race857 Words   |  4 Pagesthe superior race. As much as anyone hates to admit it, Hitler was one heck of a leader, by amassing millions of followers and being able to keep them. He could have only h eld so much power by believing in his cause so much that others could not help but believe it too. Hitler, Rosenburg, and other Nazi leaders saw the Jews as a separate, inbred, greedy, race who were trying to dominate the economy and essentially take over the world. Though anti-semitism had existed for many centuries prior to thisRead MoreNazi Germany And The Nazi Party1613 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Nazi Germany in the period 1928 through to 1941, racism was utilized by Hitler, and in turn his Nazi party, firstly to secure Hitler’s position as a dictator, and secondly to unite the German people against a common enemy, which would lead to a united powerful state, ready and able to exert its national will. Whether or not his aims were oppressive in nature is debatable but, his aims for racial purification and domination over Eastern Europe are made obvious before Hitler’s assumptionRead MoreNazi Ideology And The Nazi Party1436 Words   |  6 Pagesparliamentary g overnment was formed. And so, in 1933, Adolf Hitler, was named chancellor of Germany. After the Nazi party won in the elections of 1932, the Nazi party conducted propaganda campaigns. Propaganda appeared to depict the Nazi government as stepping in and restoring order. This propaganda was used to maintain power, implement policies, and justify the extermination of millions of Jews and others considered inferior by Hitler and the Nazi party. Therefore, Nazi ideology was defined as theoriesRead MoreThe Time From September 1939924 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial for understanding the creation of the â€Å"Final Solution†. Under the rule of Adolf Hitler, there was already some sort of anti-Semitism. Germans were convinced through propaganda that Jews were their enemy and the cause of all their turmoil. He had a clear hatred of Jews; they made him â€Å"Sick to [his] stomach† (pg 47). The oppression and segregation of Jews was applied in stages. . In just two years Nazi Jewis h policy escalated rapidly from the prewar policy of forced emigration to the â€Å"Final Solution†Read MoreThe Holocaust And Its Effects On The World s History1090 Words   |  5 Pagesmonumental than the Cambodian â€Å"Killing Fields,† Hitler and Pol Pot used similar methods to achieve similar goals. Hitler’s original intent, as some at first believe, was not to solely destroy the Jewish people. His two major goals were to expand Germany’s power and to assert the dominance of the Aryan race (Holocaust Encyclopedia, 2014). As a result the destruction of the Jewish people could almost be considered collateral damage. Hitler was not just anti-Semitic, he was also strongly nationalistic.Read MoreThe Effects Of Jews On Jewish Population During The Nazi Regime1119 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the â€Å"Final solution of the Jewish Question† (â€Å"The Final Solution,† 2015). They used the term â€Å"Final Solution† to refer to their plan to annihilate the Jewish people. It is not known when the leaders of Nazi Germany definitively decided to implement their plan to eradicate the Jews† (â€Å"United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,† 2015). Although, the genocide, or mass destruction, of the Jews was the culmination of a decade of increas ingly severe discriminatory measures (â€Å"United States Holocaust MemorialRead MorePropaganda Analysis : Mein Kampf ( 1926 )1588 Words   |  7 Pagesmakes them ripe for the ending of this idea. Hitler wrote these this in his book Mein Kampf (1926), that he 1st inspired the employment of info to unfold the principles of National Socialism--among them racism, racism, and anti-Bolshevism. The perform of info is to draw in supporters, the perform of organization to win members... info works on the final public from the viewpoint of a concept and makes them ripe for the ending of this idea.... - Hitler, 1924 At the core of the Holocaust we discoverRead MoreEssay on Nazisms Effect on the German Society1680 Words   |  7 Pagesthe German Society When the Adolf Hitler came to power as chancellor on 30th January 1933, he immediately starting using his position to make the changes that he had wanted to see implemented for over a decade. With Von Papen as Vice Chancellor and Gobbles and Goering as ministers, the Third Reich was able to bring massive political, social and economic change to the lives of German people. The Reichstag became a forum for Hitler to expound his views and policiesRead MoreWhy Did Nazi Persecution Of The Jews?1825 Words   |  8 Pages History. Why did Nazi persecution of the Jews Become more extreme between 1933-1945? When Hitler came into power in January 1933 he set out to implement his ideology which included anti-Semitism and the enforcement of an â€Å"Aryan race†. There were many reasons that contributed to the persecution becoming more extreme between 1933 and 1945 such as: The Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, little or no opposition, the Wannsee conference and the idea that Germany should be germanised. The

The Transition To The Role of Professional Nurse Free Essays

My most recent employment included working as a Rehabilitation vocational nurse in an in-patient Rehabilitation hospital. Typically I cared for 6-8 patients at a time, providing total care for each. I am IV certified with much experience in the field, particularly within pediatrics. We will write a custom essay sample on The Transition To The Role of Professional Nurse or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have worked with professional nurses, physical and occupational therapists, social workers, dietitians, physicians and more as part of a collaborative and comprehensive health care team. Issues and Concerns Surrounding Transition For Practical/Vocational Nurse A licensed practical or vocational nurse (LPN or LVN) is often the first step in one’s career toward becoming a certified professional nurse. The role of a vocational nurse differs significantly from the role of a professional nurse. Most nurses trained at this level have one year of study experience at a vocational or community college. A vocational nurse is used to working under the supervision of a licensed RN or professional nurse or physician (Quan, 2004). There are multiple issues and concerns surrounding the transition to the role of professional nurse, none the least of which is the shortage of qualified nurse educators to provide guidance to LPN’s desiring a career as an RN (Quan, 2004). There are also multiple levels of education one may pursue as a professional nurse that must be considered (Quan, 2004). For example, while many hospitals in the past have offered three year courses allowing students to live in the hospitals, few of these programs still remain (Quan, 2004). Most vocational nurses now desiring a professional career must pursue their Bachelor of Science in Nursing or an associate’s degree in nursing. This requires much time, effort and of course, acceptance into a qualified nursing programs. A vocational nurse must also have the ability to effectively transition to the role of a supervisor or leader, capable of making complex decisions and delegating tasks to others as part of their job responsibilities as a professional nurse. Clinical Judgment in Autonomy and Accountability of Professional Nursing Practice Professional nursing practice affords RN’s a relatively large amount of autonomy and accountability on the job. Professional nurses are often called on to use their own technical expertise and judgment to help manage and oversee patient care as part of members of a collaborative health care team (Shanbhag, 2002). They are accountable for the results of any decisions they make regarding patient care, even when those decisions involve delegating tasks to others. In cases where professional nurses supervise the work functions of others, professional nurses must also be held accountable for patient outcomes and the outcomes of their underlings. Professional nurses are often afforded the ability to delegate tasks as they see appropriate to underlings including vocational nurses (Shanbhag, 2002). This requires not only a great deal of decision making ability but also the ability to differentiate among underling’s skills, qualifications and abilities. This will help them remain accountable for the actions of each member of their health care team. A professional nurse is also more likely to be held accountable for patient’s outcomes as they often supervise the care of other nurses or health care assistants involved in patient care (Shanbhag, 2002). Most are expected to exercise â€Å"independent judgment† reserving the right to direct care in certain circumstance (Shanbhag, 2002). Professional nurses are also more likely to be held accountable for patient outcomes as well as the performance of those working under their direct supervision. How Professional Nurse Collaborates with Others To Achieve Effective Patient Care The best possible outcome for patients is only realized when professional nurses work as members of a multidisciplinary team, collaborating to ensure the best patient outcome. A professional nurse does not work alone but rather as a member of a comprehensive patient care team whose goals include optimizing patient outcomes. Members of this comprehensive health care team may include nursing assistants, professional nurses, primary care physicians, social workers, patients and family members (Coombs, 2004). For collaboration to work in the health care team it must often be defined in a non-hierarchical or cooperative manner based â€Å"on shared power and authority† assuming that each member of the team holds a certain level of knowledge, responsibility and influence that directly influences patient outcomes (Coombs, 2004). Professional nursing requires many of the same leadership skills required of doctors or other management professionals. The primary leadership skills beneficial to the field include (1) the ability to establish, maintain and promote communication and interpersonal relationships, (2) the ability to delegate work tasks and oversee the work of others (3) the ability to make decisions based on one’s knowledge, skills and expertise (4) the ability to work as members of a collaborative team and (5) the ability to help create interdependency and promote knowledge sharing among all team members (Coombs, 2004). The ability to work collaboratively is a fundamental skill required of effective leaders (Miccolo Spanier, 1993). A professional nurse must first be able to provide coworkers, supervisors and underlings with clear communication and insight regarding his or her goals, methods, policies and programs. A professional nurse like any other member of a health care team is responsible for knowledge sharing. Anyone responsible for knowledge sharing within an organization must have the ability to develop communication skills among team members. Further, a leader knows how to delegate work tasks to ensure they aren’t overburdened by administrative or nursing tasks at any one point in time. This helps reduce burn out and promotes a more efficient and product team environment. A nurse must also rely on their own education, experience and knowledge to help make directed and responsible decisions within the health care environment. This will help the nurse work as an effective leader within the health care team, and promote cooperation among all team members. Management of Nursing Care and Delegation Professional nurses must act as managers, working to help build, create, maintain and manage effective partnerships or teams of workers within the health care environment. The management of nursing care involves identifying what members of the health care team are capable of carrying out certain roles, and assigning them those roles accordingly to ensure the patients basic needs are met, and to ensure a positive health outcome for patients treated under a professional nurses care. Delegation of tasks is an autonomous task requiring independent decision-making capability. Since professional nurses tend to work in a role that requires leadership, independent thinking, decision making and accountability for patient outcomes, it naturally follows that professional nurses must learn how to delegate tasks appropriately. Proper use of delegation within the health care environment will also free up time for professional nurses to work with multiple patients and to address the many administrative functions and tasks that come along with the role of a professional nurse in today’s health care environment (Coombs, 2004). How to cite The Transition To The Role of Professional Nurse, Essay examples

Advanced HR Management-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment.com

Questions: 1.What is human Resource Strategic Planning? What may the objectives and targets of the plan relate to? 2.In order to Identify emerging practices and trends, you may need to undertake environmental analysis. How can you do this? What is involved in the process? 3.Give examples of the different options for sourcing labour supply. 4.When considering the Impact of new technology, what should you think about? 5.You should be aware of recent and potential changes to industrial and legal requirements. Give two examples of changes that you are aware of. 6. When Consulting with relevant Managers, what methods can be used? What should you inform them about? 7.What are Human Resource Philosophies and Values? 8.What should the objectives and targets of your plan set out? What will this enable? 9.Give two examples of the different options for the provisions of human resource services. 10.What may technology be used to support? 11.What are the key ingredients of a strategic HR plan? 12.When developing a risk management plan, what should you ask yourself? 13.In order to see that the plan is Implemented, you will need to work with others. Who may these be? 14.Why should you Monitor and review the Plan? What questions will you need to answer in order to this? 15.Give two examples of Changes in circumstances that may result in your plan needing to be adapted. 16.What does an Evaluation of Performance enable you to do? Answers: 1.Human resource strategic planning is the interconnection among the organisation and its employees that support in developing the workforce in such a manner that they effectively meet all the demands and deliver utmost efficiency and productivity. It ensures that there are appropriate numbers of people in appropriate place and at an appropriate time (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The targets and the objectives of the plan relates to employee engagement and motivation, career growth, training, performance management, succession planning, retention, reward and pay and recruitment. 2.To undertake and perform an environmental analysis firstly a team must be developed, and then there must be identification of the various sources of collecting info. The information must be analysed and the key issues are required to identify. Related to this, appropriate strategic options must be identify and these options are required to incorporate in the overall strategic planning process. After that there must be monitoring of the trends and associated actions must be taken. There is involvement of political, technological, economic, social, legal and environmental factors. 3.Different options for sourcing of labour supply comprises of outsourcing such as hiring services from outside; consultants such as the trainers who can provide training; off-shore workers such as workers from some other nation at cheap wages; recruitment of new trainees to have new talent and faster working and recruiting casual labour when the company has a temporary need so that it can be cost-effective. 4.While considering the effect of the innovative technology, there must be concern related to the number of individuals required, the work processes, procedures and practices of work, location of work and shills needed to accomplish tasks. The changes which are aware of include the changes in employment laws related to workplace bullying and zero hours contracts. 6.Methods used: there can be take use of video conferencing, one-to-one meeting, questionnaires, and telephone and group presentations. Should be informing about: information must be related to what are you currently working upon, in what manner and the reason behind it; information to be ask from the and what 5.will be you next step after getting their inputs. 7.Human resource values and philosophies are the organisational guiding and moral principles which guides the workforce that in which manner the tasks are performed in that organisation. These philosophies are developed by the insights of the leadership styles of the senior managers (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang, 2014). 8.targets and objectives must set out succession planning, diversity, staff retention, equal employment, remuneration, HR information systems, selection and recruitment, induction, professional development, job design, performance management, job analysis and WHS. This will enable success measurement, HR budget allocation, communication of activities and plans, effective decision making and prioritisation of the activities and plans. 9.Two examples comprises of outsourcing such as the HR functions are outsourced to some other company and it handles all the functions o HR department and second is external consultant such as hiring HR consultant on a contract basis for specific purposes whenever required such as for job design, recruitment, etc. 10.Technologies may use to support the training and development activities, the processes related to performance management and the non-human HR services. 11.Key ingredient of strategic human resource plan comprises of the timeframes, budget, objectives and priorities. 12.The questions asked from one-self while developing a risk management plan comprises of: What are the risks associated with the event? What is the probability of the risks whether it is low, medium or high? What are the impacts of the risks? What is the mitigation plan to avoid and reduce risk? What are the contingency plans? 13.In a risk management plan there is a need to work with the employee representative groups, suppliers, HR personnel, outsourcing agencies, line managers and the external contractors. 14.It is necessary to monitor as well as review the plan to analyse that the plan is executing effectively and there is no kind of deviation the planned and the actual outcomes. It also helps in achieving desired results by identifying and working on all the loopholes which can be the barricade in successful implementation of the plan. Questions need to answer relates to completion of the actions, reason for incompletion, effect of incompletion task, budget adhered or not, reason for not adhered, obstacles in implementation, changes required, new actions, implications of the new actions and delivery of the strategic human resource plan. 15.The two changes are the modifications in the requirements of the industry or unpredicted change in laws and rules and modification in the direction in the strategic plan of the company. 16.Evaluation of the plan enables in assessing that at what degree the original objectives were feasible and correct, assessing the targets attained and their impact, identifying the adherence of the budget and deadlines, learning from completion and incompletion of tasks and reporting progress to the stakeholders of the organisation. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56.